![]() ![]() ![]() In the United States, approximately 535,000 cases occur annually (about 13 per 10,000 people). In post-resuscitation care, an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be considered to reduce the chance of death from recurrence. In addition, the care team may initiate measures to protect the patient from brain injury and preserve brain function. Among those whose pulses are reestablished, targeted temperature management may improve outcomes. Two protocols have been established for CPR: basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Treatment for cardiac arrest includes immediate CPR and, if a shockable rhythm is present, defibrillation. In some cases, cardiac arrest is an anticipated outcome of serious illnesses where death is expected. ĬPR and defibrillation can reverse a cardiac arrest, leading to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but without such intervention, it will prove fatal. Cardiac arrest is diagnosed by the inability to find a pulse. Less common causes include major blood loss, lack of oxygen, very low potassium, electrical injury, heart failure, inherited heart arrhythmias, and intense physical exercise. These changes can, over time, cause ventricular fibrillation (V-fib), which most commonly precedes cardiac arrest. This, in turn, damages the structure of the muscle, which can alter its function. The most common cause of cardiac arrest is an underlying heart problem like coronary artery disease that decreases the amount of oxygenated blood supplying the heart muscle. Some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, an elevated heart rate, and a light-headed feeling immediately before entering cardiac arrest. While cardiac arrest may be caused by heart attack or heart failure, these are not the same, and in 15 to 25% of cases, there is a non-cardiac cause. ![]() Cardiac arrest results in a rapid loss of consciousness, and breathing may be abnormal or absent. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and possibly defibrillation are needed until further treatment can be provided. When it happens suddenly, it is called sudden cardiac arrest. It is a medical emergency that, without immediate medical intervention, will result in cardiac death within minutes. Overall survival rate ≈10% (outside of hospital) 25% (in hospital) depends strongly on type and causeġ3 per 10,000 people per year (outside hospital in the US) Ĭardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating. Not smoking, physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, healthy eating Ĭardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation Loss of consciousness, abnormal or no breathing Ĭoronary artery disease, congenital heart defect, major blood loss, lack of oxygen, electrical injury, very low potassium, heart failure Cardiopulmonary arrest, circulatory arrest, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) ĬPR being administered during a simulation of cardiac arrest ![]()
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